Humanities study guide- Emily

Enduring issue essay: look at previous essays

Thesis:

Claim	+	Reasons	=	THESIS
your opinion or answer to the question	conjunction to connect claim and reasons	why your opinion is right or truthful		a statement that identifies what you are trying to PROVE to your reader

Chinese Belief System Chart

Directions: Fill in the chart below with information about each of the belief systems you’ll learn about during Classic China.

Belief System	Founder and/or Major Figures	Sacred Texts	Beliefs and Practices	Moral/Ethical Code of Conduct	Impact on Society Whose Inhabitants Practice the Belief System
ConfucianismPlace of Origin: Date/Time Period Founded:	Confucianism is a belief system that was founded by Confucius in China in the 400s BCE.	Confucianism’s sacred text is called The Analects and contains the teachings of Confucius.	Confucians believe that we should strive for peace and harmony with other people in our society. Confucius believed that filial piety should be the basis for structure in families and society. This is the idea that people should respect their parents and elders. 5 relationships Filielpiety Role modeling Mandate of heaven	According to Confucianism, this peace, harmony, and social order can be achieved through the proper behavior of each member of a family or society by following these three concepts: Five Constants: humaneness, justice, proper rite, knowledge, and integrity Filial Piety: virtue of respect for one’s father, elders, and ancestors Five Relationships: Particular duties arise from one’s particular situation in relation to others.	With the belief system of confucianism the people who live in the society where that is practiced are probably impacted by thinking that guys rule over girls, and also the civilness that confucius created to make society more orderly and less hectic.
Daoism(Taoism)Place of Origin: Date/Time Period Founded:	It was founded by Lao Tzu in China in the 6th century BCE	Daoism’s sacred text is called the Tao-Te Ching and supposedly contains the teachings of Lao Tzu.	Daoists believe that people should practice peace and harmony through nature. Daoists use practices like meditation, chant scriptures, and worship a variety of gods and goddesses in temples to create peace and harmony. Power over yourself- understanding yourself Empty your pot	Daoists believe that peace and harmony can be achieved through the pursuit of spiritual immortality, being virtuous, having self development, meditation, feng shui, fortune telling, and the reading and chanting of scriptures.	In china they practice the belief of daoism. This impacts the people because with practicing this belief you become more positive, peaceful, and having a open mind. In civilizations with people practicing this belief people are all positive and love life and the environment, which affects the people around them.

Belief System	Founder and/or Major Figures	Sacred Texts	Beliefs and Practices	Moral/Ethical Code of Conduct	Impact on Society Whose Inhabitants Practice the Belief System
Legalism Place of Origin: Date/Time Period Founded:	Li shi huang di Harsh laws Harsh punishments   Military

Belief System	Founder and/or Major Figures	Sacred Texts	Beliefs and Practices	Moral/Ethical Code of Conduct	Impact on Society Whose Inhabitants Practice the Belief System
JudaismPlace of Origin:Middle east Date/Time Period Founded:	Abraham (Founder)Moses(most important figure in Judaism	Torah (first five books of the Christian Bible…Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Numbers)	Monotheistic. Believe in following Yahweh (God).Worship in synagogues/temples	Follow the 10 Commandments handed down by Yahweh to Moses on Mt. Sinai.	The Torah and traditions guide the lives of followers of Judaism (Jews).
ChristianityPlace of Origin: Date/Time Period Founded:	Jesus of Nazareth: he impresses people with his healing powers, he also was a minister to the poorer and common people. Serment on the mount: preaching peace, love, and kindness.	bible Gospels- good news History Epistels- spread the message of jesus paulProphecy	Jesus christ was the son of god, god sent his son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of his sins, jesus gave his life on the cross and rose from the dead after three days. One god- monotheistic. Three elements to the god- the father, the son, and the holy spirit.

Belief System	Founder and/or Major Figures	Sacred Texts	Beliefs and Practices	Moral/Ethical Code of Conduct	Impact on Society Whose Inhabitants Practice the Belief System
Hinduism	Founded in india (unknown founder )	Vedas Mahaberata huge text (battle of cousins)	Polytheistic. Worship many gods. Shrines in homes. Worship in temples.	Karma-”what goes around comes around”–what happens if you don’t follow your Dharma–your duty according to the caste you were born into Moksha	Reincarnation-believe you will come back after death. Follow karma/dharma-come back higher caste level. End of reincarnation: Moksha.
Buddhism	Founded in india by SiddarthaBuddhaMany Buddhas	8 Fold Path	No gods. Believe in following your own path to Nirvana (like Moksha–end of reincarnation). Path to enlightenment Source of suffering- attachments and desire	Follow the 8 Fold Path (zen) (koans mind puzzles)	Millions of followers; mostly in Asia. Generally peace-loving. High moral standards.

Golden Age

ACHIEVEMENTS and INNOVATIONS

Prosperity and Stability

Visual Arts and Architecture

Literature, Music, and

Philosophy

Science, Mathematics, and

Technology

Gupta Empire (320-550 CE)

There was peace and taxation chandra gupta the second.

Pataliputra was the capital of their empire.

Words to represent numbers, replaced with symbols. They created a system of 9 digits.

They created negatives, decimal, and pi.

Stepwell architecture:

Monsoon

They first had to find the water, they found a tree and started diging, built it wider for people to access it. They kept the water cool

Han Dynasty

(206 BCE – 220 CE

Compass, paper, and silk.

Compass: indicates north and south, invented by chinese.

Looked like a spoon- then used a steel.

Zheng Hu- major salor  

This invention boosted navigation

Junk: ship- has a rudder, and also had sales. It comes from china. New innovation.

Greece

(480-408 BCE)

Paricles created the delian league (a league of friendship among the city-states), and every city-state had to pay their way in for protection. The money was held in athens by paricles.  

Pericles promoted the arts, literature, and philosophy and gave free reign to some of the most inspired writers and thinkers of his time.

Athens blossomed as a center of education, art, culture, and democracy

The three most well known philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Medicine: hippocracey

Rome

(27 BCE- 180 CE)

“Pax Romana”

Augustus ended the civil war in rome, and brought 200 years in peace (pax romana), and during that 200 years he raised money through being able to tax the roman citizens and used that money to support culture in rome.

The pantheon: building with a dome to connect to the gods with a hole in the top.

The colosseum: built in 70 AD took ten years to complete 1788 feet perimeter. It was the largest amphitheater. There were four main floors. 80 arches per floor. It could hold about 50,000 spectators, seating for nobles in front, then common people, then women in the back. Underground tunnels with animals or cladiator, many animals were killed. Greek influences on columns.

Roman Sculpture: Wanted people to feel. Their sculptures were more dramatic unlike the greeks.

They also designed mosaic arts with many pieces of tiny class.

The two main writers in rome were virgil and cicero. Virgil wrote the aeried. Because he wrote the story of rome’s  greatness. Cicero wrote a lot of critiques of rome’s decay.

Ovid- metamorphisis.

The aquaduct: it brought water from clean springs into the city. By 50 AD there is nearly a million people in rome.

People loved claudius because he brought them water. They were built very carefully so that water was flowing but not too much.

Roads: rocks, very straight. They were just as important as temples. Could get troops anywhere throughout europe in 10 days.  

Medicine: galen- anatomy

450 BCE the government had the laws inscribed on twelve stone tablets and placed in the Roman marketplace, called the Forum. – twelve tables

Alexander the great:

• Alexander, became the king. During his brief thirty-two years of life, Alexander led an army of Greeks to conquer an area that stretched from Athens to India and included Persia, the Middle East, and Egypt. Alexander set-up cities throughout his empire, modeled them after Greek cities and spread Greek culture throughout the region. As a result, Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek, Persian, and Indian traditions was created.

Qin Dynasty: The Warring States period ended when Shi Huangdi (259 -210 BCE) and his forces defeated the other states and unified the people of China under the Qin Dynasty which Shi Huangdi ruled as its first and only emperor.

geographic context:

where a historical event took place and why it took place there; includes location, location relative to other places, geographic features, and climate